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Alternative fashion is fashion that, at least at one time, stood apart from mainstream commercial fashion. Alternative fashion includes the fashions of specific subcultures such as emo, scene, Goth subculture, Hip hop, industrial and Cyberpunk,〔Osgersby,Bill.(2010)Fashion and Subculture: A History of Style. ISBN 978-1-84520-809-7〕 however it is not limited to this. In general alternative, or 'alt,' fashion does not conform to style trends of the times that have widespread popularity. It may exhibit itself as a fringe style - extremely attention grabbing and more artistic than practical - but it can also develop from anti-fashion sentiments that focus on simplistic utilitarian drives (e.g.: grunge fashion, which was largely based around comfort and availability). ==Historical and sociological perspectives== Alternative fashion is often considered a modern concept but it, and the concept of subculture it is often related to, have existed for centuries. As covered in Ken Gelder's exploration of the history of alternative culture patterns in Western society, "Subcultures: Cultural Histories and Social Practice," alternative fashions have often been used to identify, and even stereotype, members of groups with value systems that diverged from common culture. Gelder states that alternative fashions have traditionally been related to subcultures that have been identified by mass society as: *disinterested in common moral order: idle, parasitical, hedonistic, criminal *disinterested in or against adhering to structure of social class *identification with an area (street, neighborhood, club) rather than self-owned property *preferring to develop "family" and community outside of traditional paradigms *attitudes against or wary of mass production, homogeneity, socially imposed behavior constrictions Those who utilize alternative fashion may vary greatly in beliefs and not identify with any of these concepts. Often it is the mass social perceptions of the meaning of certain fashions and their relation to a particular niche group that is important in understanding the interaction of alternative fashion with mass culture - a fashion is often more remembered for what it is related to in the popular consciousness than what its wearer's intended it to stand for. Particularly in a sociopolitical sense alternative fashion has often been intentionally adopted by an individual or group to display a break from the beliefs or mores of popular culture and as a form of self-expression that challenged the boundaries of what was considered appropriate, fashionable or practical.〔Gelder, Ken.(2007)Subcultures: Cultural Histories and Social Practice. ISBN 978-0-415-37952-6〕 The meaning behind a certain style, or said style even having a meaning, is up for debate between individual wearers and those outside the style. The use of subculture terminology in the 21st century to categorize or interpret dress style is often inaccurate, or at the least does not provide a complete picture of the individual being assessed by their 'look,' due to the constant evolution in the meaning, relevance and cohesion of certain subcultures and even the term 'subculture' itself.〔Muggleton,David.(2004)The Post-Subcultures Reader.ISBN 978-1-85973-668-5〕 Alternative fashion is often looked at through the lens of social politics - it is considered a visual expression of opposition to societal norms, thus heavily associated with the idealism, energy and rebellion of youth culture.〔Brake,Mike.(1990)Comparative Youth Culture: The Sociology of Youth Cultures and Youth Subcultures in America, Britain and Canada. ISBN 978-0-415-05108-8〕〔Greenberg,Arielle.(2006)Youth Subcultures: Exploring Underground America. ISBN 978-0-321-24194-8〕 However, sociological studies into exploring alternative fashion have found individuals who retained statistically uncommon modes of dress on a permanent post-adolescent basis.〔Jenks, Chris. (2004) Subculture: The Fragmentation of the Social. ISBN 978-0-7619-5371-5〕 Alternative fashion generally lays down a challenge to accepted norms, though the reactions received by wearers of alternative fashion from those who adhere to more conventional stylings can be as diverse as the wearers themselves. It can be a visual language that people employ to communicate with each other 〔Smith,Courney & Topham,Sean. Extreme Fashion. ISBN 3-7913-3175-2〕〔Straw, W. (1991) "Systems of Articulation, Logics of Change:Communities and Scenes in Popular music" Cultural studies, 5 (3) :368-88〕 indicating common interests or involvement with similar activities, a challenge to modern conceptions of aesthetic beauty and/or a basic form of self-expression, like painting or writing.〔Muggleton,David.(2002)Inside Subculture: The Postmodern Meaning of Style.978-1859733523〕 It may be none of these things - the wearer may have no conscious intent in the choosing of their style and may find themselves outside the mainstream purely by accident. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「alternative fashion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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